Draft (or draught) survey is based on the Archimedes Principle, which states that anything that freely floats will displace an amount, that is equal to its own weight, of the liquid it is floating in. It is obvious that the quantity of water displaced will not only be the weight of the cargo on board but also include: Vessel’s lightship weight, Ballast water, Fresh water, Bunker (fuel, diesel, and lubricating oils), Bilge/sludge, and other, known liquids, Other known cargo(s). Vessel’s constant which generalize provisions, stores, crew, residual unknown weight, etc. Briefly, the weight of the ship is determined both before and after loading/discharging and allowances made for all known deductibles. The difference between these two weights, known as net displacement, is the weight of the cargo loaded or discharged.
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